Gantry crane ndi crane yamtundu wa mlatho yomwe mlatho wake umathandizidwa pamtunda wapansi kudzera pa otuluka mbali zonse. Mwadongosolo, imakhala ndi mast, makina ogwiritsira ntchito trolley, trolley yokweza ndi zida zamagetsi. Ma cranes ena a gantry amangokhala ndi zotuluka mbali imodzi, ndipo mbali inayo imathandizidwa ndi fakitale kapena trestle, yomwe imatchedwacrane ya semi-gantry. Crane ya gantry imapangidwa ndi chimango chapamwamba cha mlatho (kuphatikiza mtanda waukulu ndi mtengo wotsiriza), zotulutsa, zotsika mtengo ndi mbali zina. Pofuna kukulitsa njira yogwirira ntchito ya crane, mtengo waukulu ukhoza kupitilira zotulukapo kupita kumodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri kuti apange cantilever. Trolley yonyamulira yokhala ndi boom itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a crane kudzera pakukweza ndi kuzungulira kwa boom.
1. Gulu la mawonekedwe
Gantry cranesakhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ka khomo, mawonekedwe a mtengo waukulu, kapangidwe ka mtengo waukulu, ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito.
a. Chitseko chimango dongosolo
1. Crane yodzaza ndi gantry: mtengo waukulu ulibe overhang, ndipo trolley imayenda mkati mwa danga lalikulu;
2. Semi-gantry crane: Otulukira ali ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika, komwe kungadziwike molingana ndi zofunikira za zomangamanga za malo.
b. Cantilever gantry crane
1. Double cantilever gantry crane: Mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri, kupsinjika kwa kapangidwe kake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malowa ndizoyenera.
2. Single cantilever gantry crane: Fomu yomangika iyi nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa chifukwa choletsa malo.
c. Main mtengo mawonekedwe
1.Single mtengo waukulu
Sing'anga yaikulu ya girder gantry crane ili ndi dongosolo losavuta, ndilosavuta kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, ndipo ili ndi misa yaing'ono. Chotchinga chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira bokosi la chimango. Poyerekeza ndi double main girder gantry crane, kuuma konseko kumachepa. Choncho, mawonekedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene kukweza mphamvu Q≤50t ndi chikhato S≤35m. Single girder gantry crane door miyendo imapezeka mumtundu wa L ndi C-mtundu. Mtundu wa L ndi wosavuta kupanga ndikuyika, umalimbana bwino ndi kupsinjika, ndipo uli ndi misa yaying'ono. Komabe, malo onyamulira katundu kuti adutse miyendo ndi ochepa. Miyendo yooneka ngati C imapangidwa mokhotakhota kapena yopindika kuti ipange malo okulirapo am'mbali kuti katundu adutse miyendo bwino.
2. Dongosolo lalikulu lawiri
Ma crane a ma girder main girder gantry cranes ali ndi mphamvu zonyamula katundu, zotalikirana zazikulu, zokhazikika bwino, ndi mitundu yambiri. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi ma cranes ang'onoang'ono a girder gantry omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokweza yofanana, kulemera kwake ndikwambiri ndipo mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba. Malingana ndi mapangidwe akuluakulu a mtengo, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtengo wa bokosi ndi truss. Nthawi zambiri, zomangira zooneka ngati bokosi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
d. Main mtengo kapangidwe
1. Mtengo wa Truss
Mawonekedwe apangidwe omwe amawotcherera ndi zitsulo za ngodya kapena I-beam ali ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika, kulemera kochepa komanso kukana kwa mphepo. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mfundo zowotcherera komanso zolakwika za truss palokha, mtengo wa truss ulinso ndi zofooka monga kupotoza kwakukulu, kuuma kochepa, kudalirika kochepa, komanso kufunikira kozindikira pafupipafupi mfundo zowotcherera. Ndizoyenera malo omwe ali ndi zofunikira zochepa za chitetezo ndi mphamvu zochepa zokweza.
2. Box mtengo
Zitsulo mbale ndi welded mu bokosi dongosolo, amene ali ndi makhalidwe a chitetezo mkulu ndi mkulu kuuma. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cranes a matani akuluakulu komanso okwera kwambiri. Monga chithunzi chakumanja, MGHz1200 ili ndi mphamvu yokweza matani 1,200. Ndilo crane yayikulu kwambiri ku China. Mtsinje waukulu umatenga dongosolo la girder bokosi. Mitengo ya mabokosi ilinso ndi kuipa kwa kukwera mtengo, kulemera kolemera, ndi kulephera kwa mphepo.
3.Chisa cha uchi
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "isosceles makona atatu zisa mtengo", mapeto a nkhope ya mtengo waukulu ndi triangular, pali mabowo zisa pa oblique ukonde mbali zonse, ndipo pali nyimbo kumtunda ndi m'munsi. Miyezo ya zisa imatenga mawonekedwe a matabwa a truss ndi matabwa a bokosi. Poyerekeza ndi matabwa a truss, ali ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kupatuka kochepa, ndi kudalirika kwakukulu. Komabe, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera mbale zachitsulo, kudzilemera kwake ndi mtengo wake ndizokwera pang'ono kuposa matabwa a truss. Ndizoyenera malo kapena malo opangira matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kapena kunyamula katundu wolemetsa. Popeza mtundu wa mtengo uwu ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka, pali opanga ochepa.
2. Fomu yogwiritsira ntchito
1. Wamba gantry crane
2.Hydropower station gantry crane
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kukweza, kutsegula ndi kutseka zitseko, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ntchito. Kukweza kokweza kumafika matani 80 mpaka 500, kutalika kwake ndi kochepa, 8 mpaka 16 metres, ndipo liwiro lokweza ndilotsika, 1 mpaka 5 metres / min. Ngakhale crane yamtunduwu simakwezedwa pafupipafupi, ntchitoyo imakhala yolemetsa ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, motero mulingo wantchitoyo uyenera kuwonjezeka moyenerera.
3. Zomangamanga za gantry crane
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa hull pamtunda, ma trolleys awiri okwera amapezeka nthawi zonse: imodzi imakhala ndi zingwe zazikulu ziwiri, zomwe zikuyenda pamsewu pamtunda wapamwamba wa mlatho; ina ili ndi mbedza yaikulu ndi mbedza yothandizira, pamunsi mwa mlathowo. Thamangani pa njanji kuti mutembenuzire ndikukweza zigawo zazikulu za ziboliboli. Mphamvu yokweza nthawi zambiri imakhala matani 100 mpaka 1500; kutalika kwake mpaka 185 metres; Liwiro lokweza ndi 2 mpaka 15 metres / min, ndipo pali liwiro laling'ono la 0.1 mpaka 0.5 metres / min.
3. Mulingo wa ntchito
Gantry crane ndiyenso gawo logwirira ntchito A la crane ya gantry: imawonetsa mawonekedwe a crane potengera kuchuluka kwa katundu komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito motanganidwa.
Kugawikana kwa magawo a ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mulingo wa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka crane U ndi udindo Q. Iwo amagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi atatu kuchokera ku A1 mpaka A8.
Mulingo wogwirira ntchito wa crane, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito achitsulo, kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi makina okweza ndipo amagawidwa m'magulu A1-A8. Ngati poyerekeza ndi mitundu yogwira ntchito ya cranes yotchulidwa ku China, imakhala yofanana ndi: A1-A4-light; A5-A6- Yapakatikati; A7-wolemera, A8-wolemera kwambiri.
